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Structure

ITPKA is one of three inositol-trisphosphate 3-kinase (ITP3K) genes in humans. ITP3K proteins regulate inositol phosphate metabolism by phosphorylation of the second messenger inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate to produce Ins(1,3,4,5)P4, which is sometimes abbreviated as IP4. Structurally, ITPKA belongs to the inositol polyphosphate kinase (IPK) family. The activity of the inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate 3-kinase is responsible for regulating the levels of a large number of inositol polyphosphates that are important in cellular signaling, most notably, inositol trisphosphate, which is the enzyme's only substrate. Both calcium/calmodulin and protein phosphorylation mechanisms control its activity. It is also a substrate for the cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase, calcium/calmodulin- dependent protein kinase II, and protein kinase C in vitro. ITPKA and ITPKB are 68% identical in the C-terminus region The amino- terminal region of ITPKA binds filamentous actin. This property localizes the ITPKA to dendritic spines in principal neurons.⁴⁵⁶ ITPKA is expressed physiologically in neurons, but it is sometimes expressed in cancer cells and may contribute to processes of metastasis.⁷

Physiological function

ITPKA participates in learning and memory processes in neurons.⁸⁹

Roles in human disease

Although ITPKA is expressed physiologically in neurons and testis, it sometimes becomes expressed in cancer cells, and the expression usually makes the cancer more aggressive.¹⁰¹¹

Relationship to F-tractin

F-tractin is amino acids 9-52 of rat ITPKA. It was later determined that amino acids 9-40 were sufficient for binding filamentous actin.¹²¹³ When fused to a reporter, such as green fluorescent protein, It is useful for the visualization of actin dynamics in living cells.¹⁴¹⁵

Further reading

• Takazawa K, Perret J, Dumont JE, Erneux C (September 1991). "Molecular cloning and expression of a new putative inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate 3-kinase isoenzyme". The Biochemical Journal. 278 (Pt 3): 883–6. doi:10.1042/bj2780883. PMC 1151429. PMID 1654894.
• Takazawa K, Erneux C (November 1991). "Identification of residues essential for catalysis and binding of calmodulin in rat brain inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate 3-kinase". The Biochemical Journal. 280 (Pt 1): 125–9. doi:10.1042/bj2800125. PMC 1130609. PMID 1660262.
• Takazawa K, Perret J, Dumont JE, Erneux C (January 1991). "Molecular cloning and expression of a human brain inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate 3-kinase". Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications. 174 (2): 529–35. doi:10.1016/0006-291X(91)91449-M. PMID 1847047.
• Lin AN, Barnes S, Wallace RW (August 1990). "Phosphorylation by protein kinase C inactivates an inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate 3-kinase purified from human platelets". Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications. 170 (3): 1371–6. doi:10.1016/0006-291X(90)90546-Y. PMID 2167676.
• Takazawa K, Vandekerckhove J, Dumont JE, Erneux C (November 1990). "Cloning and expression in Escherichia coli of a rat brain cDNA encoding a Ca2+/calmodulin-sensitive inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate 3-kinase". The Biochemical Journal. 272 (1): 107–12. doi:10.1042/bj2720107. PMC 1149663. PMID 2176078.
• Ryu SH, Lee SY, Lee KY, Rhee SG (November 1987). "Catalytic properties of inositol trisphosphate kinase: activation by Ca2+ and calmodulin". FASEB Journal. 1 (5): 388–93. doi:10.1096/fasebj.1.5.2824270. PMID 2824270. S2CID 26541634.
• Communi D, Vanweyenberg V, Erneux C (April 1997). "D-myo-inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate 3-kinase A is activated by receptor activation through a calcium:calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II phosphorylation mechanism". The EMBO Journal. 16 (8): 1943–52. doi:10.1093/emboj/16.8.1943. PMC 1169797. PMID 9155020.
• Woodring PJ, Garrison JC (November 1997). "Expression, purification, and regulation of two isoforms of the inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate 3-kinase". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 272 (48): 30447–54. doi:10.1074/jbc.272.48.30447. PMID 9374536.
• Schell MJ, Erneux C, Irvine RF (October 2001). "Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate 3-kinase A associates with F-actin and dendritic spines via its N terminus". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 276 (40): 37537–46. doi:10.1074/jbc.M104101200. PMID 11468283.
• Mishra J, Bhalla US (September 2002). "Simulations of inositol phosphate metabolism and its interaction with InsP(3)-mediated calcium release". Biophysical Journal. 83 (3): 1298–316. Bibcode:2002BpJ....83.1298M. doi:10.1016/S0006-3495(02)73901-5. PMC 1302229. PMID 12202356.
• Dewaste V, Moreau C, De Smedt F, Bex F, De Smedt H, Wuytack F, Missiaen L, Erneux C (August 2003). "The three isoenzymes of human inositol-1,4,5-trisphosphate 3-kinase show specific intracellular localization but comparable Ca2+ responses on transfection in COS-7 cells". The Biochemical Journal. 374 (Pt 1): 41–9. doi:10.1042/BJ20021963. PMC 1223573. PMID 12747803.
• González B, Schell MJ, Letcher AJ, Veprintsev DB, Irvine RF, Williams RL (September 2004). "Structure of a human inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate 3-kinase: substrate binding reveals why it is not a phosphoinositide 3-kinase". Molecular Cell. 15 (5): 689–701. doi:10.1016/j.molcel.2004.08.004. PMID 15350214.
• Kato H, Uzawa K, Onda T, Kato Y, Saito K, Nakashima D, Ogawara K, Bukawa H, Yokoe H, Tanzawa H (April 2006). "Down-regulation of 1D-myo-inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate 3-kinase A protein expression in oral squamous cell carcinoma". International Journal of Oncology. 28 (4): 873–81. doi:10.3892/ijo.28.4.873. PMID 16525636.

References

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2. Takazawa K, Perret J, Dumont JE, Erneux C (December 1990). "Human brain inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate 3-kinase cDNA sequence". Nucleic Acids Research. 18 (23): 7141. doi:10.1093/nar/18.23.7141. PMC 332787. PMID 2175886. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC332787 ↩

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5. Schell MJ, Erneux C, Irvine RF (October 2001). "Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate 3-kinase A associates with F-actin and dendritic spines via its N terminus". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 276 (40): 37537–46. doi:10.1074/jbc.M104101200. PMID 11468283. https://doi.org/10.1074%2Fjbc.M104101200 ↩

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13. Yi J, Wu XS, Crites T, Hammer JA (March 2012). "Actin retrograde flow and actomyosin II arc contraction drive receptor cluster dynamics at the immunological synapse in Jurkat T cells". Molecular Biology of the Cell. 23 (5): 834–52. doi:10.1091/mbc.E11-08-0731. PMC 3290643. PMID 22219382. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3290643 ↩

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